Reward-seeking behavior is frequently associated with risk of punishment.There are two types of punishment: positive punishment, which is defined as addition of an aversive stimulus, and negative punishment, involves the omission of a rewarding outcome.Although the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is important in avoiding punishment, whether it is i
According to the popular view of Imami jurists, whenever the crime of murder is committed in the forbidden months and the sanctuary of Mecca, the diyat is increased by one third, while the principle in murder, cavesson snaffle if it is intentional, is qisas and otherwise, diyat is prescribed.Therefore, the extra ransom needs to be proven.This descr
Abstract Insect farming is frequently proposed as an emerging industry that can improve the environmental and economic sustainability of the food system.However, Jar existing research often overlooks significant challenges.In this article, we identify three bugs in the scientific literature on insect farming: (1) the overreliance on a handful of ol
The integrated recognition of spatio-temporal characteristics (e.g., speed, interaction with surrounding areas, and driving forces) of urbanization facilitates regional comprehensive development.In this study, a large-scale data-driven approach was formed for exploring the township urbanization process.The approach integrated logistic models to qua
BACKGROUND: Darwin illustrated his sexual selection theory with male and female morphology of diving beetles, but maintained a cooperative view of their interaction.Present theory suggests that instead sexual conflict should be a widespread evolutionary force driving both intersexual coevolutionary arms races and speciation.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FI